MarxandLincolnwerecontemporaries,hisevaluationofLincolnis:"Thisisawillnotbeintimidatedbythedifficultieswillnotbeconfusedbythesuccessofpeople;hisunyieldingtowardstheirgreatgoals,andneveractrashlySteady,andneverretrogression......Inshort,thisisareachedagreatrealmandstillmaintaintheirexcellentqualityoftherarecharacteroftheoutstandingmoralpersonwassomodestthatevenhebecamemartyrdomAfterthefall,theworldonlytofindthatheisahero.
AbrahamLincoln(February12,1809-April15,1809)the16thpresidentoftheUnitedStates
Politicalparty:RepublicanParty
February12,1809,LincolnwasborninKentuckyHardingCounty,apoorpeasantfamily,theparentsofBritishimmigrantsdescendants.In1816,theLincolnfamilymovedtothesouthwestIndiana,landreclamationforaliving.9yearsold,Lincoln'smotherdied.Ayearlater,thefathermarriedawidow.Stepmotherkindandhard-working,treattheirex-wife'schildrenasout.Lincolnalsolovesthestepmother,afamilylivinginharmonyandhappiness.Becauseoffamilypoverty,Lincolnisnotahighdegreeofeducation.Inordertomaintainthefamilyplan,whenyoungLincolnworkedasaferryontheOhioRiver,plantationworkers,shopkeepersandcarpenters.Attheageof18,tallLincolnwashiredbyashipowner,withaflatbargewiththepeopledowntheOhioRiver,sailingthousandsofmilestoOrleans.Thisisthefirsttimehecametoacityof40,000people.
Thejourney,Lincolnsawtheblackslavessufferedinhumantreatment.In1830,theLincolnfamilymovedagainandcametoColesCounty,Illinois,inthemiddleoftheUnitedStates,"hesaidtohispartner,"untilIhaveachancetocrackdownonslavery."Here,Lincolnbegantoliveindependently,andin1832enlisted.Lincoln'stimeisveryshort,afterthedemobilization,thelocalresidentselectedenthusiasticofficialactivitiesofLincolnforthestatelegislaturecandidate,buthisfirstcampaigndidnotsucceed.Beforetheageof25,Lincolnhasnofixedoccupation,fourtomakealiving.
Adult,hebecamealocallandsurveyors,proficientinmeasurementandcalculation,oftenpeopleareinvitedtosolvetheboundarydispute.Inthehardwork,Lincolnisalwaysaloveofreadingtheyouth,hisnightreadinglightsalwaysflashtolatelate.Inhisyouth,LincolnreadallofShakespeare'sbooks,readAmericanHistory,andreadmanybooksonhistoryandliterature.Throughself-studyhemadehimselfalearnedandintelligentperson.In1834August,25-year-oldLincolnwaselectedtothestatelegislatorsbeganhispoliticalcareeratthesametimemanagementofruralpostalservices,alsoengagedinlandsurveying,andwiththehelpoffriendstostudythelaw.Afewyearslater,hebecamealawyer.In1839,LincolnmetamemberofthedaughterofMaryTodd.Shewas21yearsold,well-educated,beautifulandlively,theymarriedinNovember1842,afterthebirthoffoursons.
Accumulatedtheexperienceofstatelegislators,in1847,LincolnastheWhigparty,participatedinthecongressionalelection,wonthefirsttime,cametothecapitalofWashington.Beforeandafter,thedebateaboutslavery,hasbecomeamajoreventinAmericanpoliticallife.Inthisdebate,Lincolngraduallybecameanti-slavery.Hebelievesthatslaveryshouldeventuallybedestroyed,firstofallinthecapitalWashingtonshouldabolishslavery.Slavery,whorepresentstheinterestsofthesouthernplantationowners,frenziedlyopposedLincoln.In1850,theUnitedStatesofslavepowersurge,LincolnoutofCongress,tocontinueasalawyer.In1854,thesouthernslaveownerstoenterthenewKansasintotheUnitedStates,theuseofforcetoforcetheimplementationofslavery,causedacivilwarinKansas.
Thisyear,theRepublicanPartywasfounded,Lincolnjoined,andin1856participatedintheRepublicanvicepresidentialcandidatecampaign,withoutsuccess.June16,1858,inthesameDouglascampaignpublisheda"familydispute"thefamousspeech."TheHouseofSplitscannotlast,"hesaid.Ibelievethatourgovernmentcannotendurehalfthefreedomofhalfofslavery.Idonotexpectfederaldissolution,Idonotexpectthehousetocollapse,butIdoexpectittostopsplitting.Itwilleitherturnintoonethingorallelseintoanother.Duringthisperiod,heandDouglasconductedadebateontheissueofslavery,Lincolnbelievesthatslaveryshouldbeabolished,butmustbeabolishedbypeacefulmeans,althoughhiscampaigndidnotsucceed,butgreatlyexpandedthePoliticalinfluence.In1860,LincolnbecametheRepublicanpresidentialcandidate,inNovember,theelectionannouncedto2millionvoteswaselectedthe16thpresidentoftheUnitedStates,butintheslave-controlledsouthern10states,hedidnotgetavote.
Lincolnwaselectedpresidentofthenews,therapidexpansionofNorth-Southcontradictions,adheretotheslaveryoftheSouthtoLincoln'selectionasadisaster,LincolninSouthCarolinabeforetheoathtoquitthefederal.Inordertosafeguardnationalunity,wartriggered.AstheUSgeneralelectionsystemenjoyspopularsupport,withtheelectionofthenewpresident,thesmoothtransitionofstatepowerintotheUnitedStatestradition.