Helloeveryone!Firstofall,onbehalfofallthecitizensofShenyang,Iwouldliketoextendawarmwelcometoallofyou.Today,I'dliketointroduceShenyangPalaceMuseum,oneofthescenicspotsinShenyang.
ShenyangPalaceMuseumcoversanareaofmorethan60000squaremeters,withmorethan70buildingsofvarioustypes,consistingofmorethan20courtyards,withatotalofmorethan300houses.Accordingtothenaturallayout,thePalaceMuseumisdividedintothreeparts:MiddleRoad,EastRoadandWestRoad.
Middleroad:itistheimperialpalaceofTaizong.AtthesouthendisthegateoftheQingDynasty,whichisalsothemaingateoftheForbiddenCity.TothenorthareChongzhengHall,FenghuangcoatandQingningpalace,whichareallarrangedonacentralaxis,withsomesymmetricalancillarybuildingsonbothsides.
ThegateoftheQingDynastywastheplacewherethecivilandmilitaryministersoftheroyalcourtmetinthedailycourtmeeting,andalsotheplacewheretheEmperorTaizongoftheQingDynastyacceptedthegratitudeoftheofficials.AftertheMingDynasty'sfamousgeneralHongChengchoucamedowntotheQingDynasty,heenteredfromthisgateandwasreceivedbyHuangTaiji.Thebuildingontheeastsideofdaqingmeniscalledancestraltemple.AncestraltempleistheplacewhereAixinjueluofamilyworshipstheirancestors.Becauseitistheancestraltempleoftheemperor,itisalsocalledTaimiao.
InfrontofChongzhengHall,therearefivechambersintheEastandWest,FeilongPavilionintheEastandXiangfengPavilionintheWest.Behindthehallisacourtyard.Tothenorthofthecourtyard,thereisahighplatformabout4metershigh.OntheplatformisthesleepingareaofHuangTaijiandhisconcubines.Alongthestepsupisamagnificenthigh-rise----PhoenixTower.Itsoriginalnamewasxiangfenglou,anditwasnotnamedfenghuanglouuntil1743.FenghuangbuildingisthegatewayofQingningpalace,andalsotheplacewheretheemperorplannedmilitaryandpoliticaleventsandbanquets.ItwasbuiltatthesametimeasChongzhengHallandrebuiltinthe20thyearofKangxi.Thebuildinghasthreefloorsandisathreedropbuilding.Eachfloorhasthreeroomsdeepandwide,surroundedbyanambulatory,andtheentranceofthelowerflooristhecorridorbetweentheupperfloorandthelowerfloor.Fenghuanglouisnotonlythegateofthepalace,butalsothecommandingheightofthewholepalace.It'swonderfultowatchthesunriseupstairs.Therefore,FenglouxiaoriandFenglouguantaarefamouslandscapesinShencheng.TheziqidonglaigoldplaqueonthefrontdoorofFenghuangbuildingistheimperialpenofEmperorQianlong.
OnbothsidesofQingningPalacearetheEastandWestpalaces,theEastpalacesarerelatedtoJupalacesandYanqingpalaces,andtheWestpalacesareLinzhipalacesandYongfupalaces.TheeasternandWesternpalacesweretheresidenceofHuangTaijiandhisconcubines.InthenorthwestcornerofQingningpalace,thereisachimneybuiltfromthegroundandlowerthanthebackofthehouse.Peoplecan'tseeitfromthefront.FromtheseriesofbuildingsofQingningpalace,wecanfindtwomajorarchitecturalfeaturesofShenyangPalaceMuseum:oneisthepreservationofstrongManchucharacteristics,namelypocketroom,WanziKangandchimneystandingontheground.Second,thepalaceishighandthepalaceislow.QingningpalaceanditsfourpalacesarehigherthanChongzhengpalaceandDazhengpalace.ThisisbecausebeforetheQingDynastyseizedpower,theManchuwereanomadicandhuntingpeople.Influencedbytheirlivinghabits,theybuilttheirlivingplacesonhighplacestopreventtheinvasionofwildanimalsandfloods.ThisistheoppositeoftheForbiddenCityinBeijing.
BehindthehighplatformofQingningpalaceisthebackgarden,alsoknownastheimperialgarden.Therearemillhouses,twenty-eightstorehouses,Houzaimenandotherbuildingsinit,whicharethefoodsupplyareafortheemperor.AndthereisanundergroundcellarRoadconnectedwithQingningpalace.
OnbothsidesofthehighplatformofChongzhengHallandQingningPalacearetheEastandtheWest.FromthesouthtothenorthofdongsuoareYihepalace,JIEZHIpalaceandJingdianPavilion.DongsuowastheplacewheretheEmpressDowager'sconcubinessenthergreetingsduringtheeasterntour,andalsothepalacewheretheEmpressDowager'srealrecordsandjadecertificateswerestored.Fromsouthtonorth,theWestSuowasdiGuanghall,BaoJihall,JienZhaiandchongmoPavilion.Xisuoistheplacewheretheemperor,EmpressandtheirchildrenlivedandwhereshengxunandManchuLaodangwerestored.ThearchitecturalformofchongmoPavilionisunique.Itisarollingshedbuilding,whichwasaddedintheQianlongperiodoftheQingDynasty.
ThemainbodyoftheeastroadisDazhenghall,withtensquarepavilionsonbothsides,whichiscalledShiwangPavilion.Dazhenghall,builtinNurhachiperiod,istheearliestoctagonaldoubleeavesPavilionstylebuildingintheForbiddenCity.HishighnessDazhengisaxumizuoplatformabout1.5metershigh,surroundedbyfinelycarvedbluestonelotusleafvase.Thehallhasanaxeeyedooroneightsides,40columnsinsideandoutside,anddoubledragoncolumnsinfrontofthemaingate.Onthetopofthehallare16colorfulglassridges,andinthecenteraretheflamebeadsofthevase.Insidethehall,therearedelicatebracketsandcaissonceiling.ThebeamsarepaintedwithHexi,andtheroofiscoveredwithyellowglazedtilesandgreentrimming.Thewholebuildingshowsastrongsenseofbeautyandelegantdecorativearttaste.Dazhenghallwastheplacewheretheemperorheldlarge-scalecelebrations.In1643,EmperorFulinoftheQingDynastyascendedtothethrone.