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中山陵中英文导游词

由 王六 分享 时间:2025-05-06 阅读:0
中山陵中英文导游词

中山陵各位朋友,来到一座历史文化名城,你们一定想去看看当地最有名气、最具特色的景点吧。到了南京,如果没去中山陵,可以说你只看到了半个南京城。尽管南京素有"六朝古都"之称,拥有"金陵四十景"等众多名胜古迹,但中山陵无疑是其中最具吸引力、最有知名度的一个。

说起中山陵,当然要提到它的主人--伟大的中国民-主革命先行者孙中山先生。孙先生本名孙文,字逸仙。外国友人都称呼他为"孙逸仙博士"。因为他在日本从事革命活动时曾用过"中山樵"的化名,所以他在国内被尊称为孙中山先生。孙中山1866年11月12日出生于广东香山县(今中山市)翠亨村的一个农民家庭。他少有大志,先后求学于檀香山、香港等地,毕业后在广州、澳门等地行医。后来他弃医从政,并于1905年在日本组织中国同盟会,被推举为,提出了"驱除按虏,恢复中华,建立民-国,平均地权"的著名纲领,及"民族、民权、民生"的三民-主义学说。

1911年10月10日武昌起义爆发后,孙先生被十七省代表推举为中华民-国临时大总统,并于次年元旦在南京宣誓就职。此后,经历了"袁世凯窃国""二次革命""护国运动""护-法运动"等风风雨雨,1921年他在广州就任中华民-国非常大总统。在1924年1月广州召开的中国国民党第一次全国代表大会上,他将旧三民-主义发展为新三民-主义,提出了"联俄联共扶助农工"的三大政策。同年11月他应冯玉祥之邀抱病北上讨论国家大计,终因积劳成疾,于1925年3月12日在北京逝世。

中山陵的墓址是孙先生生前选定的。这里视野开阔,气象雄伟,的确是建造陵墓的好地方。你们也许会问;孙先生出生于广东,逝世在北京,毕生为革命奔波于各地,为什么要选择南京作为自己的长眠之地呢?

据说,早在1912年孙先生就任临时大总统时,灵谷寺的住持和尚就曾向他推荐过这块"前临平川,后拥青嶂"的风水宝地。当年3月31日,中山先生为求南北和平统一,毅然辞去总统之职。4月初的一天,他与胡汉民等人到明孝陵一带打猎,来到现陵墓所在地休息。孙先生环顾四周,对左右说,我将来死后,想向国民求得这块土地以安葬(待我他日辞世后,愿向国民乞一抔土以安置躯壳尔)。当然,紫金山的气势风水还不是孙先生作此决定的根本原因。孙先生临终前嘱咐:"吾死之后,可葬于南京紫金山麓,因南京为临时政府成立之地,所以不忘辛亥革命也。"因此,尽管孙先生在南京停留时间并不长,但南京对于孙先生是具有特殊意义的。他选择南京紫金山为墓址,从根本上说,是为了纪念辛亥革命,激励革命同仁。

Sunyat-sen'smausoleumfriends,cametoafamoushistoricalandculturalcity,youmustwanttoseethemostfamous,themostdistinctivelocalattractions.Innanjing,ifdidnotgotosunyat-sen'smausoleum,saythatyouseeonlythehalfofnanjing.Althoughnanjing,longknownas"thesixdynastiesancientcapital",has"jinling40landscape"andsoonnumerousscenicspotsandhistoricalsites,butsunyat-sen'smausoleumisundoubtedlyoneofthemostattractive,oneofthemostfamous.

Speakingofsunyat-sen'smausoleum,ofcourse,mustbementionedinitsmaster,thegreatnational-themainrevolutionaryforerunnersunyat-sen.Mr.Sunnamesunyat-sen,.Foreignfriendsallcallhim"Dr.Sunyat-sen".BecauseheisengagedinrevolutionaryactivitiesinJapanwhenusedpseudonym"zhongshanfirewood",soheisregardedassunyat-seninChina.Sunyat-senwasbornonNovember12,1866inxiangshancounty(nowzhongshancity)inguangdongprovincetsuiapeasantfamily.HeflewhighandraresuccessivelystudiedinHonolulu,HongKongandotherplaces,topracticemedicineinplacessuchasguangzhou,Macaoaftergraduation.Laterhemedicalpolitics,andinJapanin1905,theorganizationtoChinaunion,hadbeenpushingfortheprimeminister,putforwardthe"driveoutbylu,torestorethe,theestablishmentofthepeople-theaveragelandownership"ofthefamousplatform,andthe"nation,civilrights,thepeople'slivelihood"-thedoctrineofthreepeople.

OnOctober10,1911yearsaftertheoutbreakofthewuchanguprising,MrSunwasseventeenprovincesrepresentpushingfortheChinesepeople-thetemporaryPresident,andthefollowingyearNewYear'sdaywasswornintoofficeinnanjing.Sincethen,hasexperiencedthe"yuanshikaimean""secondrevolution""nationsports"upsanddowns,suchasthe"methodofprotection-movementinguangzhouin1921,hebecametheChinesepeople-thePresidentverymuch.Chinesenationalistparty(KMT)heldinguangzhouinJanuary1924thefirstnationalcongress,hewillbetheoldthreepeople-developmentforthenewthreepeople-,putforwardthe"whichwasalliedwithRussiathepeasants"ofthethreepolicy.InNovemberthesameyearhecameattheinvitationofthefengyuxiangnorthdiscussnationalplans,eventuallybecausebecameillbecauseofoverwork,diedinBeijingonMarch12,1925.

Sunyat-sen'smausoleumburialsiteisMr.Sunwasselected.Thisvision,meteorologicalambitious,indeedisagoodplacetobuildmausoleum.Youmayask;Mr.Sunwasborninguangdong,diedinBeijing,allhislifetotravelaroundfortherevolution,whychoosenanjingasafinalrestingplace?

Itissaidthatasearlyasin1912astemporaryPresidentMr.Sun,soulvalleytempleabbotmonkishasbeenrecommendedtohimthe"wouldintheformer,withgreenailian"fengshuitreasure.ThatyearonMarch31,MrZhongshanforthepeacefulreunification,resolutelyresignedfromthepresidency.OnedayinearlyApril,hishuntingaroundwithhuandotherstotheMingtomb,cametorestnowtombislocated.Mr.Sunlookedaroundandsaidtotheleftandrightsides,afterthedeathofmyfuturewanttothelandtoburythenationalobtained(nationalbeggingformeafterIdiedsomeday,tobeapileofsoilinplaceforbody).Thepurplemountain,ofcourse,themomentumoffengshuiisnotMr.Sunastherootcauseofthisdecision.MrSunlastasked:"aftermydeath,canbeburiedinnanjingzijinfoothills,fornanjinginterimgovernmentwasestablished,sodon'tforgetthexinhairevolution."So,althoughMrSuninnanjingresidencetimeisnotlong,butnanjingishasspecialsignificanceforMr.Sun.Hechosenanjingpurplemountainasaburialsite,fundamentallyspeaking,istocommemoratetherevolution,therevolutioncolleagues.

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